Double immobility: Syrian refugee women navigating the voluntary and forced marriage binary in Egypt

Research on why women, especially racialized women, stay in undesirable relationships is scarce and often misses how intersecting inequalities affect their decisions and the wider range of consent and coercion. Syrian refugee women in Egypt, grappling with not just unwanted marriages but also displacement and uprooting are a case in point. Their limited cultural, social, and legal mobility complicates their decision-making and limits their options. I describe this compounded precarity as 'double immobility': immobility within the marriage and immobility within the country. A secondary displacement where this time they become 'displaced in place' (Lubkemann, S. C. 2008. "Involuntary Immobility: On a Theoretical Invisibility in Forced Migration Studies." Journal of Refugee Studies 21 (4): 454-475). Drawing on qualitative interviews with Syrian refugee women in Egypt in 2017, I employ an intersectional lens to highlight the social, legal, and migratory locations of displaced women that exacerbate their predicament, prompting a re-evaluation of the binary views of force/voluntary and coercion/consent in discussions about entering, remaining, and exiting marriage. The paper offers a novel framework for understanding the intersection of gendered displacement and marital dynamics and contributes to the broader discussion within the sociology of gender, displacement, and marriage.