Analysis of music teacher education programs in Puerto Rico

This article presents a descriptive analysis of eight music teacher education programs in Puerto Rico. Within the international landscape, music education in Puerto Rico faces obstacles similar to other countries in the form of government cutbacks and limited offerings in school settings. This study presents an analysis and evaluation of the curricular characteristics of music education bachelor's degrees and a depiction of preservice music teacher education in the country. This was achieved through the use of the Project ALFA II-0448-A analysis matrix, an instrument that compiles four forms of data: (a) general information; (b) history of the program, (c) structure and duration; and (d) curricular principles. Information was obtained from the official web pages of each institution and/or department. Comparisons with programs in other countries reveal a propensity to adopt foreign music education models, with our analysis also outlining the implications of adopting external approaches. Musical instruction in Puerto Rican music teaching degrees is exclusively on Western art music; none of the programs offer musical instruction through popular music or the country's traditional music or music-pedagogical lessons conducive to teaching such art forms. The lack of education in popular and Indigenous music renders it challenging for music educators to offer school-level students culturally responsive music lessons. The case of Puerto Rico thus demonstrates the perpetuation of European cultural hegemony in higher music education spaces, driven by adherence to foreign standards and approaches to music pedagogy that emanate from the global north.