Unlocking the potential of solid waste management with circular economy and Industry 4.0

This paper reviews the intersection of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and Circular Economy (CE) within the context of Solid Waste Management (SWM), aiming to enhance SWM circularity through technological integration. SWM is pivotal in mitigating environmental and health risks posed by unsustainable waste disposal practices. The study highlights advancements, challenges, and opportunities. Key findings reveal a growing but still nascent application of I4.0 technologies in SWM, particularly in waste collection and sorting. Despite advancements, comprehensive coverage of all CE practices remains limited, suggesting significant potential for growth and innovation in recycling and sustainable waste practices. The paper also proposes a framework to address emerging SWM challenges, emphasizing cost-effective practices with minimal environmental impact facilitated by advanced technologies. It underscores the role of stakeholders, government policies, and innovative business models in promoting SWM practices. The managerial implications include strategic guidance for waste managers to leverage I4.0 technologies effectively, optimize waste treatment processes, navigate regulatory frameworks through new business models, increase public awareness, address data privacy and trust issues, and involve all stakeholders. The study also outlines a comprehensive future research agenda spanning theoretical, contextual, and methodological dimensions. Ultimately, this research contributes to advancing knowledge in SWM by advocating for integrated approaches that harness technology and circular economy principles to achieve sustainable waste management practices globally.