Unlocking financial access in a developing country amidst COVID-19: the impacts of financial literacy and fintech

We examine the impacts of financial technology and financial literacy on the development of financial inclusion among the younger generation using data from a survey with 1288 students in Vietnam in the city and rural areas. We employ logistic regression and two-stage instrumental variable regression for our analysis, with location and financial shock caused by COVID-19 serving as the instruments. Vietnam is a fintech hub in Asia with the world-leading adaption of cryptocurrency and a significantly high rate of e-wallet use. The results indicate although there is a gap in access to financial services between urban and rural areas, the access rate is considerably high. Fintech and financial literacy play a significant role in facilitating this high level of financial inclusion development. Women have better access to financial services, showing the effectiveness of women's empowerment programs. Little evidence shows the negative impact of the pandemic on financial inclusion.