Aerodynamic Analysis and Optimization of Pantograph Streamline Fairing for High-Speed Trains

A pantograph serves as a vital device for the collection of electricity in trains. However, its aerodynamic resistance can limit the train's running speed. As installing fairings around the pantograph is known to effectively reduce the resistance, in this study, different fairing lengths are considered and the related aerodynamic performances of pantograph are assessed. In particular, this is accomplished through numerical simulations based on the k-omega Shear Stress Transport (SST) two-equation turbulence model. The results indicate that the fairing diminishes the direct impact of high-speed airflow on the pantograph, thereby reducing its aerodynamic resistance. However, it also induces interferences in the flow field around the train, leading to variations in the aerodynamic resistance and lift of train components. It is shown that a maximum reduction of 56.52% in pantograph aerodynamic resistance and a peak decrease of 3.38% in total train aerodynamic resistance can be achieved.