Numerical Investigation of Load Transfer in Geosynthetic-Reinforced Embankments Over Cavities: Effects of Opening Process and Cyclic Loading

During the construction of urban roads and infrastructure, factors such as groundwater, soil subsidence, and underground erosion can lead to the formation of cavities. Using geosynthetics to reinforce embankments over these cavities has demonstrated technical and economic efficiency while reducing construction time. Previous studies have explored stress transfer processes, including the arching effect within embankments, the membrane effect of geosynthetics, and settlement of the embankment and ground. However, these studies have been limited in their examination of cavity-opening processes. This paper uses the finite element method to analyze load transfer in geosynthetic-reinforced embankments over cavities, considering cavity opening processes and the effect of cyclic loading. The numerical model is built based on the experimental work of Villard and Brian & ccedil;on (Can Geotech J 45: 196-209, 2008). The numerical results are validated against experimental results, confirming the reliability of the numerical modeling. The results also show that the gradual expansion of the cavities leads to an increase in surface deformation, geosynthetic deflection, and the formation of a conical stress distribution pattern. Increasing the number of cyclic loads induces a reduction in stress transfer within the embankment while increasing surface settlement and geosynthetic deflection. Additionally, a mathematical equation for the distribution of stress acting on the geosynthetic is proposed to enhance the accuracy of previous analytical methods.