Burn wound healing using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and manganese nanoparticles in polycaprolactone/gelatin electrospun nanofibers in rats

Introduction: Wound healing is a major therapeutic concern in regenerative medicine. The current study aimed to investigate the second-degree burn wound treatment in rats using rat adipose- derived stem cells (ADSCs) and manganese nanoparticles (MnO2-NPs) in a scaffold. Methods: After the synthesis of nanoparticles and electrospinning of nanofibers, the SEM biodegradability, cell viability, and adhesion assays were performed. According to the results, the PCL/Gel/5%MnO2-NPs nanofiber (Mn-5%) was determined to be the most suitable scaffold. The ADSCs-seeded Mn-5% scaffolds were applied as a burn wound dressing. The wound closure rate, IL-1(3, and IL-6 level, hydroxyproline, and glycosaminoglycans content were measured, and the hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemistry stainings were carried out. Results: Based on the results, in Mn+S (ADSCs+PCL/Gel/5%MnO2-NPs nanofiber) and N+S (ADSCs+PCL/Gel nanofiber) groups, the IL-6 and IL-1(3 levels were reduced, and the percentage of wound closure, glycosaminoglycans, and hydroxyproline content were increased compared to the control group (P<0.05). Also, the lowest amount of alpha-SMA was observed in these two groups, demonstrating stem cells' role in reducing alpha-SMA levels and thus preventing fibrosis. Moreover, the amount of alpha-SMA in the Mn+S group is lower than in the N+S group and, is closer to healthy skin. According to histology results, the best type of treatment was observed in the Mn+S group. Conclusion: In conclusion, the ADSCs-seeded PCL/Gel/5%MnO2-NPs scaffold demonstrated considerable therapeutic effects in burn wound healing.