Examining Nonlinear Behavior in Optical Communication Systems Using Gaussian Mixture Model

This study investigates the nonlinear effects on signal integrity in 16-QAM optical communication systems by focusing on received signal distributions without noise interference. Utilizing GPU-based simulations and analyzing "triplets" of consecutive signal points, we uncover that nonlinear interactions generate distinctive patterns in signal behavior, challenging the adequacy of standard Gaussian models. Our analysis employs the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), revealing that multi-component models offer a more accurate representation of signal distributions, highlighting the complexity of nonlinear effects. This research not only enhances our understanding of signal behavior under nonlinear conditions but also paves the way for future investigations into improving optical communication system design and reliability.