Municipal Solid Waste Management in Laos: Comparative Analysis of Environmental Impact, Practices, and Technologies with ASEAN Regions and Japan

被引:1
|
作者
Noudeng, Vongdala [1 ,2 ]
Pheakdey, Dek Vimean [1 ,3 ]
Minh, Tran Thi Ngoc [4 ]
Xuan, Tran Dang [1 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Adv Sci & Engn, Transdisciplinary Sci & Engn Program, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Hiroshima 7398529, Japan
[2] Minist Nat Resources & Environm, Dongnasok Nong Beuk Rd,POB 7864, Viangchan 0117, Laos
[3] Minist Environm, Dept Hazardous Subst Management, Phnom Penh 120101, Cambodia
[4] Victory Christian Acad, 810 Buena Vista Way, Chula Vista, CA 91910 USA
[5] Hiroshima Univ, IDEC Inst, Ctr Planetary Hlth & Innovat Sci PHIS, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Hiroshima 7398529, Japan
关键词
municipal solid waste; environmental concern; management; Laos; ASEAN-Japan regions; TO-ENERGY; HEAVY-METALS; AIR-POLLUTANTS; FLY ASHES; OPTIONS; MICROPLASTICS; GENERATION; STRATEGIES; EMISSIONS; LEACHATE;
D O I
10.3390/environments11080170
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Municipal solid waste management in developing countries faces limitations, especially concerning technologies for treatment and disposal, which is crucial for achieving environmental and economic sustainability goals. This paper investigates municipal solid waste management in Laos, compared with the ASEAN-Japan regions, focusing on background information, waste characteristics, environmental impact, and treatment technologies for resource utilization. The findings indicate a continuous rise in municipal waste generation in Laos, particularly in the capital Vientiane, from 0.21 million tons in 2012 to 0.37 million tons in 2021. Treatment methods include unsanitary landfilling, basic recycling, and open dumping, as well as burning or discharge into rivers, posing potential risks to the environment and human health. Japan and Singapore have shown decreasing trends, with Japan reducing from 45.23 million tons in 2012 to 40.95 million tons in 2021 and Singapore from 7.27 million tons in 2021 to 6.94 million tons in 2021. Laos encounters challenges in managing municipal waste, especially in waste recovery and waste-to-energy practices, crucial elements of integrated solid waste management aimed at promoting environmental and economic sustainability. Enhancing waste management in Laos involves developing a waste management act with segregation, recycling, and extended producer responsibility policies. Implementing mechanical biological treatment facilities, waste-to-energy plants, and upgraded landfills is crucial. Capacity building and public awareness campaigns on waste management will improve sustainability, reduce environmental impacts, and advance sustainable development goals for sustainable cities and communities.
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页数:29
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