Pathology Proven Benign Metastasizing Leiomyoma: A Case Report

Benign metastasizing leiomyoma is a rare entity characterized by well-differentiated leiomyomas found outside the uterus, typically the lungs. It primarily affects middle-aged women who have undergone surgical treatment for leiomyomas. We describe a case of a 44-year-old African woman with a previous myomectomy, who was found to have multiple lung nodules, initially suspected for leiomyosarcoma. Histological examination following lung thoracoscopic resection and total hysterectomy with adnexectomy confirmed the diagnosis of benign metastasizing leiomyoma. After surgery the patient experienced a seizure, and multiple cerebral nodules were detected, initially thought to represent extrapulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyomas, but later confirmed as neurocysticercosis, endemic in Africa. Benign metastasizing leiomyoma diagnosis can be challenging and misinterpreted as malignancy. However, in the appropriate clinical setting, its inclusion among the differential diagnoses is essential.