The incidence and risk factors of atrial high-rate episodes in patients with a dual-chamber pacemaker

Background and Objectives Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices can detect atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs). However, the predictors of clinically relevant AHREs have not been well identified. Methods This prospective study included 145 patients (median age 64.5 +/- 16.4 years, 53.1% females) without atrial fibrillation (AF) from December 2020 to January 2022. AHREs were defined as a programmed atrial detection rate >190 beats per minute. Cox regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors of AHREs. Results During 6 months of follow-up, AHREs occurred in 30.3% of patients. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed factors related to development of AHREs including using anti-arrhythmic drugs (AAD) before implantation (Hazard ratio (HR) 7.71; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.58-23.02, p < .001), history of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT; HR 2.45; [95% CI], 1.18-5.09, p = .016), the percentage of premature atrial contraction (PAC) on 24-h Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring (HR 1.008; [95% CI], 1.003-1.014, p = .003), and left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS-LV; HR 0.92;[95% CI], 0.84-0.99, p = .049). Conclusions This study showed that a history of PSVT and using AAD, the percentage of PAC on 24-h Holter ECG monitoring, and GLS-LV were the independent predictors of new-onset AHREs.