Development and evaluation of a lutein-fortified yoghurt: Stability assessment, sensory properties and human bioavailability study

Lutein is a carotenoid that humans obtain primarily from green-leafy vegetables. However, due to generally low consumption of these foods, this bioactive is not sufficiently consumed. Therefore, there is growing interest in developing lutein-fortified foods to provide an additional source of lutein supplementation. In this study, we developed a lutein-fortified yoghurt and conducted a 72-hour single-dose bioavailability study in human subjects. Lutein remained stable in the yoghurt over shelf life at 14.6 mg of lutein per 100 g of yoghurt. Sensory evaluation yielded results similar to a lutein-free yoghurt. In the bioavailability study, consuming 100 g of lutein-fortified yoghurt significantly increased the average serum concentration of lutein by 1946.86 +/- 1514.72 h mu g<middle dot>L-1 in human subjects, following a typical pharmacokinetic curve of absorption and decline. These findings confirm that our lutein-fortified yoghurt is suitable for commercial use and effectively enhances people's serum lutein levels.