In-hospital post-operative fever after posterior spinal fusion for neuromuscular scoliosis in non-ambulatory cerebral palsy patients: is there value for clinical workup for an isolated fever?

Purpose Children with neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS) resultant to cerebral palsy (CP) are at a heightened risk for complications following surgical treatment. These children have a reported 22-64% rate of post-operative fever development, and additional fever workup has been shown to have limited clinical utility. However, this has yet to be investigated in the setting of an accelerated discharge (AD) pathway. Methods A retrospective review of children with non-ambulatory CP treated at 2 centers with posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for NMS was performed. One institution uses a standardized AD post-operative pathway for NMS patients, whereas the second institution had no standard pathway. A post-operative fever was defined as temperature > 38.5 degrees C. Target outcome variables included the development of a fever as well as re-admission within 90 days of surgery. Results A total of 122 non-ambulatory children were identified (82% GMFCS V, mean 14.3 +/- 3.4 years at surgery). A post-operative fever was documented in 75.4% of patients (N = 92) and all additional culture studies reported negative results. Children admitted to the PICU were more likely to undergo a fever workup (P < 0.001) and more likely to receive additional or extended antibiotic therapy (P < 0.001). Children treated at the AD pathway had a significantly lower rate of PICU admission (P < 0.001). Post-operative PICU admission was associated with a post-operative fever (49.5% vs 25%, P = 0.03). Conclusion Non-ambulatory CP children with NMS undergoing PSF have a 75.4% rate of developing early post-operative fevers. Reflexive fever work-ups provided limited clinical utility while increasing the hospital length of stay and potentially exposing patients to antibiotic-related complications.