Examining the moderating role of travel motivation in the process of negotiating travel constraints to travel alone of Indonesian muslim female travelers

The number of Asian female solo travelers, especially in the Muslim women travel market, has increased significantly due to the changes in social structures and women empowerment. However, Muslim women face unique travel constraints related to gender, social responsibilities, cultural norms, and religious practices, which need to be negotiated when attempting to travel alone. This constraint negotiation process of Muslim women should gain more attention in tourism literature. Thus, the study aims to examine the relationships between travel constraints, negotiation strategies, motivation, and intention to travel alone among Indonesian Muslim women. The structured survey was distributed, and 484 valid responses were collected. The data were then analyzed to test the proposed hypotheses. The results confirm the significant effects of travel constraints on negotiation and travel intention. The moderating roles of travel motivation in the constraint negotiation model are partly supported. The finding of this paper provides insights into the perspectives and travel behavior of Indonesian Muslim women. The results may lack generalizability but offer an opportunity for future studies to further explore the relationships between the proposed constructs. Practically, providers of tourism services should create suitable offerings to meet the distinct requirements of female Muslim travelers.