International protection in the European Union in the face of new scenarios of lack of protection

This article focuses on the new spaces of international unprotectedness, for which it delves into the New Pact on Migration and Asylum and three categories of protection (subsidiary, humanitarian reasons and temporary protection) that acquire prominence in the face of these new contexts that give rise to forced displacement. Based on two research periods, between 2014 and 2019 and another one currently underway since the beginning of 2022, and working from a qualitative perspective, two results are explored in depth. Firstly, the New Pact and the prominence acquired by third transit countries. Secondly, we will analyse the prominence acquired by subsidiary protection, humanitarian reasons and temporary protection, as tools that respond to new contexts of lack of protection at origin in line with the recognition of the responsibilities of the receiving country. By way of discussion, I propose the need to propose mechanisms that avoid the externalisation of the responsibility to protect as well as unequal consideration depending on the region of origin. In conclusion, I propose focusing attention on mechanisms that guarantee security in an increasingly dangerous migratory journey.