Experimental performance evaluation of air-based photovoltaic-thermal collector with rectangular turbulators and longitudinal fins

An air-based photovoltaic-thermal collector (PVTC) simultaneously generates electricity and heats air using energy from incident solar radiation. Its simple design ensures low initial costs and easier maintenance. However, its thermal efficiency is limited by the low heat conductivity of air. To address this shortcoming, considerable research has focused on enhancing either the heat transfer area or the heat transfer coefficient. However, only one of these two methods has typically been utilized, and information regarding PVTCs that incorporate both technologies is lacking. Thus, a novel air-based PVTC featuring longitudinal fins and rectangular turbulators is proposed herein. In this PVTC, the fins enlarge the heat transfer area, while the turbulators improve the heat transfer coefficient by creating turbulence near the fin surface. The proposed PTVC (PTVC-LFRT) was experimentally evaluated under real-world weather conditions and also compared with two other PVTC configurations: one with a smooth air channel (PTVC-SMAC) and one with only fins (PTVC-LF) to reveal the potential thermal and electrical gains achievable with the proposed design. As a result, PVTC-LFRT achieved an electrical efficiency of 17.06 %, whereas PVTC-SMAC and PTVC-LF recorded corresponding values of 16.55 % and 16.8 %, respectively. Moreover, PVTC-LFRT exhibited a thermal efficiency of 38.93 %, while PVTC-SMAC and PVTC-LF achieved thermal efficiencies of 22.68 % and 33.56 %, respectively. Finally, the total daily energy output of PVTC-LFRT from incident solar radiation was 42.73 % and 11.2 % higher than those of PVTC-SMAC and PVTCLF, respectively. These findings verify that incorporating fins with turbulators into a PVTC effectively enhances its electrical and thermal efficiency. Consequently, the feasibility of the proposed system could be confirmed, and its promotion is considered worthwhile.