Evaluating high-resolution aviation emissions using real-time flight data

Amidst robust global economic growth and advancing globalization, the aviation market is poised for significant expansion. Consequently, the environmental impact of aviation emissions is growing in significance. However, due to limitations in real flight data and aviation emissions index models, further clarification of the emission characteristics throughout entire flights is necessary. To better assess the emission characteristics of entire flights, this study employs real Quick Access Recorder (QAR) data and a high-precision aviation emissions index model, yielding four-dimensional emission data (time, longitude, latitude, altitude) from flights. The analysis compares QAR data with emissions from scheduled flight data (SFD) and Broadcast Automatic Correlation Monitoring (ADS-B) projections, explores seasonal variations in aviation emissions, and assesses the impact of sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) on emissions reductions. For both number and mass of nvPM emissions, as well as nitrogen oxide emissions, the rankings are: ADS-B-E > SFD-E > QAR-E; for CO, SFD-E > ADS-B-E > QAR-E, particularly during the climb-cruise-descent (CCD) cycle. There are significant differences in the emission of aviation pollutants in airport area and high-altitude area in different seasons. Employing four types of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) significantly reduces both the mass and the number of nvPM emissions. Therefore, it is recommended to utilize more QAR data to refine the assessment of the environmental impact of aviation emissions.