Expanding our understanding of Guillain-Barré syndrome: Recent advances and clinical implications

Guillain-Barr & eacute; syndrome (GBS) is a rare yet potentially life-threatening disorder of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), characterized by substantial clinical heterogeneity. Although classified as an autoimmune disease, the immune mechanisms underpinning distinct GBS subtypes remain largely elusive. Traditionally considered primarily antibody-mediated, the pathophysiology of GBS lacks clarity, posing challenges in the development of targeted and effective treatments. Nevertheless, recent investigations have substantially expanded our understanding of the disease, revealing an involvement of autoreactive T cell immunity in a major subtype of GBS patients and opening new biomedical perspectives. This review highlights these discoveries and offers a comprehensive overview of current knowledge about GBS, including ongoing challenges in disease management. Guillain-Barr & eacute; syndrome (GBS) is a rare and heterogeneous disorder of the peripheral nervous system. Traditionally considered antibody-mediated, recent research highlights the involvement of autoreactive T cells in its immunopathology. This review examines recent discoveries and provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge, challenges in disease management, and new biomedical perspectives. image