A Proof of Concept for Blockchain-Enhanced Smart Parking System with SDN: BePaS

The phenomenon of rapid urbanization, accompanied by population growth and increased motor vehicle production, has engendered a pervasive issue of parking inadequacy, incurring diverse direct and indirect ramifications spanning monetary, societal, and psychological domains. As part of a promising intelligent transportation system, smart parking management has long been promoted to tackle the challenge. In this paper, we propose a proof-of-concept of a blockchain-enhanced smart parking system with Software-Defined Networking (SDN), called BePaS, to optimize the parking infrastructure and coordinate a unified system with separate parking service providers, for the first time in the literature, to the best of our knowledge. We provide the details of the system model, formulation of the optimization problem, and preliminary results of BePaS under a variety of scenarios.