g-C3N4 3 N 4 based Z-scheme photocatalysts for tetracycline degradation: A comprehensive review

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) 3 N 4 ) has garnered significant attention due to its low cost, ease of preparation, high chemical stability, and non-toxicity. Nevertheless, pristine g-C3N4 3 N 4 faces challenges in simultaneously achieving a broad absorption range, high stability, efficient charge separation, and strong redox capability, which hampers its practical applications. Recently, g-C3N4-based 3 N 4-based Z-scheme photocatalysts have emerged as research hotspots owing to their robust redox ability, effective charge carrier separation, and capacity to harness visible light for degradation of tetracyclines (TCs) in waters. This review delves into the fundamental photocatalysis, and application of g-C3N4-based 3 N 4-based Z-scheme photocatalysts for the degradation of TCs pollutants. The review concludes with final remarks and a concise discussion on the prospects of g-C3N4-based 3 N 4-based Z-scheme photocatalysts.