Dissemination of IncC plasmids in Salmonella enterica serovar Thompson recovered from seafood and human diarrheic patients in China

Salmonella Thompson is a prevalent foodborne pathogen and a major threat to food safety and public health. This study aims to reveal the dissemination mechanism of S. Thompson with co-resistance to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin. In this study, 181 S. Thompson isolates were obtained from a retrospective screening on 2118 serotyped Salmonella isolates from foods and patients, which were disseminated in 12 of 16 districts in Shanghai, China. A total of 10 (5.5 %) S. Thompson isolates exhibited resistance to ceftriaxone (MIC ranging from 8 to 32 mu g/mL) and ciprofloxacin (MIC ranging from 2 to 8 mu g/mL). The AmpC beta-lactamase gene bla(CMY-2) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes of qnrS and qepA were identified in the 9 isolates. Conjugation results showed that the co-transfer of bla(CMY-2), qnrS, and qepA occurred on the IncC plasmids with sizes of similar to 150 (n = 8) or similar to 138 (n = 1) kbp. Three typical modules of ISEcp1-bla(CMY-2)-blc-sugE, IS26-IS15DIV-qnrS-ISKpn19, and ISCR3-qepA-intl1 were identified in an ST3 IncC plasmid pSH11G0791. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that IncC plasmids evolved into Lineages 1, 2, and 3. IncC plasmids from China including pSH11G0791 in this study fell into Lineage 1 with those from the USA, suggesting their close genotype relationship. In conclusion, to our knowledge, it is the first report of the co-existence of bla(CMY-2), qnrS, and qepA in IncC plasmids, and the conjugational transfer contributed to their dissemination in S. Thompson. These findings underline further challenges for the prevention and treatment of Enterobacteriaceae infections posed by IncC plasmids bearing bla(CMY-2), qnrS, and qepA.