Being outside the circle vs. squaring the circle: Perceptions of Syrian refugee students and academics on inclusive campus climate

This study used a qualitative descriptive design to explore the perceptions of Syrian refugee university students and academics regarding the behavioral and psychological aspects of campus climate. The participants were final-year undergraduates (Bachelor of Science), 114 Syrian refugee students who were enrolled in Turkish higher education institutions, and 19 academics. Data were collected by conducting in-depth, semi-structured online interviews using a pilot-tested interview guide. The responses of the students and academics were subsumed under the following two main themes: (1) being outside the circle, and (2) squaring the circle. Our findings illuminated the negative campus experiences of marginalization and social isolation, which in turn affect a sense of belonging to a campus community, diminished self-esteem, and active academic participation among students. However, refugee university students had unwavering resilience despite financial difficulties. This study showed the low expectations of academics regarding their educational and career paths. This study also pointed out that the support of academics is instrumental in pursuing the education of students and fosters connections within the academic community. Consequently, a comprehensive support system for refugee students' educational and social needs is required to create an inclusive campus environment.