Systematic review of solar techniques in zero energy buildings

The rapid advancement of the building sector in the last decade has led to a significant increase in energy usage, accounting for about 40% of the world's total energy consumption. With about 80% of this energy derived from fossil fuels, the resulting greenhouse gas emissions contribute to global warming. The zero energy buildings (ZEB) concept offers a promising solution to reduce the energy and carbon footprint of buildings using renewable energy resources. This paper presents a scientometric and systematic review of solar energy techniques applied in ZEBs. Key contributions include a discussion of practical passive and active solar techniques, identification of knowledge gaps and limitations in recent studies, and scientific mapping and discussion of hot topics, keywords, and global research efforts. The review highlights the need for more experimental studies, research in diverse climatic conditions, academia-industry collaborations at national and international levels, and zero energy status consideration in the industrial settings. Additionally, development of skilled labor through training programs are essential for the widespread adoption of ZEBs. By leveraging the insights provided, stakeholders and researchers can make informed decisions to achieve sustainable and economically viable ZEBs.