Finite element analysis & topology optimization of excavator bucket teeth for optimal performance

In the realm of heavy-duty machinery, excavators hold pivotal roles in construction, mining, and various large-scale projects. The excavator's efficacy relies significantly on its bucket teeth, crafted from robust materials like steel, crucial for soil and rock excavation. However, inadequacies in tooth shape and composition can lead to wear which in turn leads to diminished productivity. Employing finite element analysis, the present research delves into the influence of cantilever profile on TATA Hitachi Ex70 and JCB JS81 bucket teeth, using AISI 4340 and AISI 4140 materials, respectively. Analysing von Mises stress and deformation through Altair HyperMesh, subsequent Altair OptiStruct facilitates topology optimisation aims to reduce tooth mass. It appears that Tooth I (TATA Hitachi Ex70) experienced a decrease in mass, yet an elevation in von Mises stress compared to its initial mass of 2.81 kg and stress level of 1.74 E + 02 MPa. Similarly, Tooth II (JCB JS81) showcased a reduction in mass and a rise in von Mises stress from its original mass of 2.03 kg and stress of 1.038 E + 02 MPa. Validation of optimised designs through the graphs depicting the Factor of Safety (FOS) for both teeth ensures compliance with specified requirements, confirming that optimised excavator bucket teeth designs are safe.