The MAGPI Survey: the evolution and drivers of gas turbulence in intermediate-redshift galaxies

We measure the ionized gas velocity dispersions of star-forming galaxies in the MAGPI survey (z similar to 0.3) and compare them with galaxies in the SAMI (z similar to 0.05) and KROSS (z similar to 1) surveys to investigate how the ionized gas velocity dispersion evolves. For the first time, we use a consistent method that forward models galaxy kinematics from z=0 to z=1. This method accounts for spatial substructure in emission line flux and beam smearing. We investigate the correlation between gas velocity dispersion and galaxy properties to understand the mechanisms that drive gas turbulence. We find that in both MAGPI and SAMI galaxies, the gas velocity dispersion more strongly correlates with the star-formation rate surface density (Sigma(SFR)) than with a variety of other physical properties, and the average gas velocity dispersion is similar, at the same Sigma(SFR), for SAMI, MAGPI, and KROSS galaxies. The results indicate that mechanisms related to Sigma(SFR )could be the dominant driver of gas turbulence from z similar to 1 to z similar to 0, for example, stellar feedback and/or gravitational instability. The gas velocity dispersion of MAGPI galaxies is also correlated with the non-rotational motion of the gas, illustrating that in addition to star-formation feedback, gas transportation and accretion may also contribute to the gas velocity dispersion for galaxies at z similar to 0.3. KROSS galaxies only have a moderate correlation between gas velocity dispersion and Sigma(SFR) and a higher scatter of gas velocity dispersion with respect to Sigma(SFR), in agreement with the suggestion that other mechanisms, such as gas transportation and accretion, are relatively more important at higher redshift galaxies.