Role of some Abiotic stresses in the production of Vincristine and Vinblastine from Catharanthus roseus callus

The experiment was carried out at the National Commission for Biotechnology during 2019-2021 with the aim of studying the influence of some abiotic stresses on the fresh and dry weight and the content vincristine and vinblastine in Catharanthus roseus callus. After sterilization, seeds were cultured in MS medium. Plants were transferred to propagation media. Callus was developed from the leaves using 5C01 medium. After 60 days, the callus was moved the 5C01 medium with NaCl (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 mM) and PEG-6000 (0,-0.2,-0.4,-0.6 MPa) with a higher level every 30 days. The findings revealed that fresh and dry callus weight considerably decreased in the 120 mM NaCl treatment (3.03, 0.24 g respectively) and at the osmotic stress level of-0.6 Mpa (2.34, 0.19 g respectively). The vincristine and vinblastine content were significantly higher at the NaCl induction level of 90 mM NaCl (94.29, 103.6 mu g.g(-1) DW respectively), while they were considerably lower at the osmotic stress level of-0.6 Mpa (2.61, 3.12 mu g.g(-1) DW respectively). This research suggests a new medium (5C01) for callus induction which is distinguished by superior levels of vincristine and vinblastine in the callus compared to other studies.