Soft Tissue Facial Changes Following Massive Weight Loss Secondary to Medical and Surgical Bariatric Interventions: A Systematic Review

Bariatric interventions, both surgical and medical, are increasingly employed by patients to achieve weight reduction and enhance overall health. However, there is growing concern about the associated changes in soft tissue facial aesthetics resulting from these interventions. In this systematic review, the authors aimed to analyze the existing literature regarding soft tissue facial changes after bariatric interventions, with a focus on the influence of massive weight loss on facial aging, attractiveness, and considerations for facial rejuvenation. A systematic review was conducted until February 10, 2024, using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar. This review was registered in the open science framework. The Covidence software (Melbourne, VIC, Australia) facilitates title, abstract, and full-text screening, as well as data extraction. In total, 309 papers were identified, 94 duplicates were removed, and 194 studies were excluded on the basis of inclusion criteria. Of the remaining 21 studies, 13 met the inclusion criteria with an additional single study from the conference abstract. Descriptive analysis was conducted. We observed a correlation between massive weight loss and facial aging. The most significant fat regional devolumization was observed along the mid-cheek region and with central neck skin laxity. The apparent age of patients was higher among those with massive weight loss. In our study, we demonstrated that massive weight loss causes accelerated facial aging, manifested through fat devolumization, and increased skin laxity. Further quantitative volumetric facial analyses postbariatric surgery would yield valuable results.