Magnolia biondii Pamp.: A comprehensive review of the pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and applications

Magnolia biondii Pamp. is the predominant species of the traditional Chinese medicine Flos Magnoliae used for symptomatic management of allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and headache, existing in many prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine. The therapeutic efficacy of M. biondii is attributed to its diverse phytochemical composition, comprising volatile oils, lignans, and alkaloids. Modern pharmacological studies have further revealed that the extracts of M. biondii exhibit a spectrum of beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, and nervous system-regulating properties. Furthermore, beyond its medicinal applications, the aromatic oil found within M. biondii can be extracted for use as spices and raw materials in beverages and pastries. It also serves as a valuable source for producing aromatic extracts used in perfumes for soaps and cosmetics. These diverse applications enhance the practical development and future utilization of M. biondii, , adding significant value to its potential. To comprehensively understand the current research status of knowledge on this medicinal plant, a systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 protocol, emphasizing studies from January 1980 to August 2024. The purpose of this review is to offer a comprehensive overview of various aspects of M. biondii, , including its pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, pharmacology, extraction methods, and modern applications. Additionally, this review discusses potential directions for future research on M. biondii, , providing insights into areas warranting further investigation. Our findings contribute to the theoretical foundation supporting the clinical application and advancement of Chinese medicine.