The Aggregated and Micellar Forms of β-Casein Purified from Donkey and Bovine Milk Present Potential as Carriers for Bioactive Nutritional Compounds

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the pure casein fraction of milk protein, particularly beta-casein due to its physicochemical properties as well as its bio- and techno-functional properties. The utilization of self-assembled beta-caseins from bovine origin as nanocarriers for the delivery of nutraceutical compounds or drugs has increased dramatically. Concerning beta-caseins from other milk sources, the use of hypoallergenic donkey beta-caseins as a potential delivery vehicle for nutraceutical hydrophobic compounds is beginning to generate interest. The present review deals with casein micelles models, bovine and donkey beta-casein molecular structures, as well as their physical-chemical properties that account for their exploitation in nutraceutics and pharmaceutics. This review work suggests the possibility of developing delivery systems for hydrophobic bioactive compounds using beta-casein purified from hypoallergenic donkey milk, highlighting the potential of this protein as an innovative and promising vehicle for enhancing the enrichment and bioavailability of various bioactive substances in food products.