Does sexual rehabilitation work for gay and bisexual prostate cancer patients? Acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy results from the Restore-2 randomized controlled trial

Purpose Sexual minority prostate cancer patients have worse health-related quality of life outcomes than heterosexual patients. We conducted the first study to test whether sexual and urinary rehabilitation tailored for sexual minority patients was acceptable, feasible, and efficacious at improving their sexual and urinary function. Methods Restore-2 was a 24-month randomized controlled trial of an online biopsychobehavioral rehabilitation study for sexual minority men treated for prostate cancer experiencing sexual and/or urinary problems. Participants were 401 US sexual minority men treated for prostate cancer and experiencing sexual and/or urinary problems at baseline. Intervention components included phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, sexual aids, a pelvic floor exercise regimen and video, a guide to good gay sex following treatment, and coaching. Quality of life assessments were completed at baseline, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Results We confirmed good acceptability and feasibility, but only minimal improvement was observed over time and no differences were found between treatment and control arms. Conclusions We found no evidence that the intervention improved sexual or urinary outcomes for participants. However, we confirmed excellent acceptability and feasibility for a sexual rehabilitation program tailored to sexual minority participants. In addition, participants reported enduring usage and acceptability of sexual aids (including vacuum pump, anal dilators, and penile constriction rings) as well as masturbation and pelvic floor exercises to accommodate their sexual challenges. Implications for Cancer SurvivorsSexual "accommodation," rather than "rehabilitation," may be a more accurate and realistic goal for this population. Patients should be provided sexual aids to help accommodate their sexual and urinary challenges. Trial registration This study was retrospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, study number: NCT03923582; date: 22/04/2019.