Prevalence of cocaine and cannabis use in trauma patients admitted to intensive care

Introduction: Psychoactive drugs constitute a risk factor for severe trauma as they alter behavior and consciousness levels. Objective: To determine the prevalence of severely traumatized patients exposed to cocaine and cannabis, assess the epidemiological profile, and compare outcomes based on substance use. Methodology: Prospective observational study conducted over 12 months between May 2021 and April 2022 in the intensive care unit of Hospital Maciel. Severely traumatized patients admitted to intensive care underwent qualitative detection of cocaine and cannabis metabolites in urine. Results: A total of 111 patients were included, 89% were male, mean age (+/- standard deviation) 32 +/- 11 years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS III) 43 +/- 14, Injury Severity Score (ISS) 26 +/- 16, mortality 10 (9%). Cocaine use was detected in 62 (55,9%) patients, cannabis in 72 (64,9%), and both in 42 (37,8%). Patients with positive screening were younger (30,5 +/- 9,4 vs. 40,6 +/- 16,7; p < 0,02) and predominantly male (86% vs. 58%; p = 0,02). No significant differences were found in terms of mortality, need or duration of mechanical ventilation, and ICU length of stay. Agitated awakening was observed in users (53,3% vs. 36,8%), self-extubation (13,3% vs. 7,7%), failed extubation (4,8% vs. 0%), and reintubation (12% vs. 0%), with statistically non-significant differences. Conclusions: The prevalence of cocaine and cannabis use among traumatized patients admitted to our intensive care unit is high. The epidemiological profile corresponds to young male patients. There was no increased mortality, complications, or prolonged ICU stay observed.