Highly sensitive self-powered biosensor for real-time monitoring and early warning of human health and motion state

With the continuous evolution of self-powered technology, wearable devices utilizing Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENG) have garnered extensive attention as a solution to the limitations associated with conventional sensors. In this study, we introduce a non-invasive, sensitive, self-powered triboelectric biosensor (TEBS) designed for simultaneous real-time monitoring of both biochemical and physical aspects of the body. The TEBS features a streamlined design, facilitating an efficient reaction interface between sweat metabolites and enzymes. Demonstrating impressive responsiveness, the TEBS registers glucose, uric acid, and lactate at rates of 101 %, 64.98 %, and 64.80 %, respectively, while also discerning various body movements such as walking, running, squatting, and jumping. To further heighten the reliability and sensitivity of the TENG, we employ Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) nanofilms modified with Metal-Organic Framework (MOF)-derived materials as the triboelectric layer. This modification proves effective in mitigating charge dissipation on the triboelectric layer's surface, establishing abundant micro capacitors within the nanofiber films. As a result, the TENG exhibits a remarkable six-fold increase in short-circuit current compared to its unmodified PVDF counterpart. Notably, the wearable device showcases the ability to independently power LEDs in external circuits, enabling timely health warnings without reliance on external power sources. The proposed TEBS offers a compelling glimpse into the future of healthcare.