Resonance-induced synchronization in coupled phase oscillators with bimodal frequency distribution and periodic coupling

Synchronization behaviors in globally coupled phase oscillators with symmetric bimodal frequency distribution and periodic coupling are studied. It is found that by a proper setting of the frequency of the periodic coupling, the synchronization propensity of the oscillators can be markedly improved. Specifically, we show that when the frequency of the periodic coupling matches the distance of the central frequencies in the distribution, the critical coupling characterizing the onset of synchronization can be substantially decreased. The mechanism behind the phenomenon of periodic-coupling-enhanced synchronization is analyzed by the methods of OttAntonsen ansatz and synchronization transition tree, and it is revealed that the synchronization enhancement is attributed to the resonance between the synchronization clusters and the periodic coupling.