Effect of 125% and 135% arginine on the growth performance, intestinal health, and immune responses of broilers during necrotic enteritis challenge

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 25% and 35% arginine supplementation in partially alleviating the effects of necrotic enteritis (NE) challenge on the production performance, intestinal integrity, and relative gene expression of tight junction proteins and in flammatory cytokines in broilers. Four hundred and eighty 1-day-old chicks were randomly allocated to the 4 treatments-Uninfected + Basal, NE + Basal, NE + Arg 125%, and NE + Arg 135%. NE was induced by inoculating 1 x 10(4) Eimeria maxima sporulated oocysts on d 14 and 1 x 10(8) CFU/bird C. perfringens on d 19, 20, and 21 of age by oral gavage. The NE challenge signi ficantly decreased body weight gain (BWG) (p < 0.05) and increased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05). On d 21, the NE challenge also increased the jejunal lesion score (p < 0.05) and relative gene expression of IL-10 and decreased the expression of the tight junction proteins occludin (p < 0.05) and claudin-4 (p < 0.05). The 125% arginine diet significantly increased intestinal permeability (p < 0.05) and the relative gene expression of iNOS (p < 0.05) and IFN-gamma (p < 0.05) on d 21 and the bile anti-C. perfringens IgA concentration by 39.74% (p < 0.05) on d 28. The 135% arginine diet significantly increased the feed intake during d 0 - 28 (p < 0.05) and 0 to 35 (p < 0.05) and increased the FCR on d 0 to 35 (p < 0.05). The 135% and 125% arginine diet increased the spleen CD8(+) : CD4(+) T-cell ratio on d 28 (p < 0.05) and 35 (p < 0.05), respectively. The 135% arginine diet increased the CT CD8(+) : CD4(+) T-cell ratio on d 35 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the 125% and 135% arginine diets did not reverse the effect of the NE challenge on the growth performance. However, the 125% arginine diet significantly increased the cellular and humoral immune response to the challenge. Hence, the 125% arginine diet could be used with other feed additives to improve the immune response of the broilers during the NE challenge.