High-performance electromagnetic shielding composite materials based on carbon nanotubes and Sandwich laminate structures

Carbon fiber-reinforced composite materials exhibit excellent mechanical and electromagnetic shielding capabilities. However, they have some drawbacks, such as high cost and significant reflection losses. In order to address these shortcomings, this study set out to design a sandwich-structured composite material and produce a composite material designed for electromagnetic shielding using Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) technology. This composite material promotes the "absorption-reflection-reabsorption" process of electromagnetic waves, significantly enhancing its shielding effectiveness, achieving up to 59.4 dB of shielding effect in the 8.2-12.4 GHz (X-band) range. The study also employed carbon nanotubes (CNTs) matrix doping to modify the composite material, significantly reducing reflection losses. When the amount of carbon nanotubes added reaches 0.6 wt%, the overall SE can be increased by 18%. Additionally, the introduction of CNTs significantly improves the flexural strength and tensile strength of the composite material; at a 0.6 wt% CNT content, the average tensile strength increased from 526.4 to 600.9 MPa, indicating good interfacial interactions between CNTs and epoxy resin. This work provides valuable insights for the preparation of high-performance electromagnetic shielding materials, with profound theoretical and practical significance.Highlights Observations through SEM and CT scanning techniques reveal that Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) technology facilitates strong interlayer bonding between carbon fibers, glass fibers, and copper wires, alongside effective epoxy resin adhesion, thus enhancing the mechanical properties. The sandwich structure's impedance mismatch characteristic facilitates an efficient "absorption-reflection-reabsorption" process of electromagnetic waves. Additionally, the incorporation of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) enhances the absorption mechanism, reducing reflection losses. Incorporating CNTs further boosts both flexural and tensile strengths, attributed to improved interfacial interactions inhibiting crack formation. Principles of electromagnetic shielding in sandwich composite materials and preparation and characterization of materials. image