Efficacy and safety of luseogliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose Owing to the absence of the most recent evidence on the efficacy and safety of luseogliflozin, our study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of luseogliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A comprehensive search of electronic databases like PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar was performed from the inception to the 31st of August 2023 to identify the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the glucose and body weight lowering efficacy and safety outcomes of luseogliflozin in comparison with control or other active treatments. The fixed or random-effect model was used based on the heterogeneity identified using the I2 statistic and Cochran's Q test. Results Out of 50 non-duplicate articles identified through database searching, 8 RCTs (11 studies) with 1922 patients were included in this study. The efficacy outcomes like HbA1c (MD: -0.59%; 95% CI: -0.90, -0.29; P < 0.001), FPG (MD: -16.01 mg/dL; 95% CI: -19.46, -12.57; P < 0.001), PPG (MD: -36.63 mg/dL; 95% CI: -43.71, -29.55; P < 0.001) and body weight (MD: -1.66 kg; 95% CI: -2.23, -1.12; P < 0.001) were significantly reduced with luseogliflozin compared to the control group. Regarding the safety outcomes, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for hypoglycemia (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.70, 1.84; P = 0.60). However, pollakiuria (OR: 4.08; 95% CI: 1.71, 9.69; P < 0.001) and any ADRs (OR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.33, 3.14; P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the luseogliflozin group compared to the control. Conclusion The current study identified a significant improvement in efficacy outcomes of HbA1c, FPG, PPG, and body weight in the luseogliflozin group. Non-significant safety results may be due to a smaller population size and fewer studies. Hence, long-term multicentric RCTs are needed to identify the safety and efficacy in a diversified population.