Ranging Error model for IEEE 802.15.4 based UWB IoT devices

In recent years, indoor localization has evolved into a pivotal feature across a spectrum of end-user applications. Emerging as a promising solution in the realm of indoor localization is Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology. UWB's potential performance has garnered attention, prompting the establishment of standardized protocols by various organizations. It's worth noting that the IEEE 802.15.4 standard played a pivotal role in initiating the standardization of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology. This standard provides detailed specifications for both the Media Access Control (MAC) and physical layers of UWB communication. In this paper, we delve into the core principles of UWB communication. We begin by offering an insight into the MAC layer and the physical layer. It's important to note that the specifics of the multiple access scheme and localization techniques at the MAC layer are primarily proprietary. Following that, we provide an overview of UWB positioning algorithms. Next, we implement UWB positioning functionality based on the UWB communication process and conduct error analysis. Finally, we discuss the relationship between positioning accuracy and the distance between devices. The results indicate that UWB complies with indoor positioning accuracy.