Public Transport Accessibility and Parking Demand in Commercial Transit-Oriented Development in China: A Case Study of Shanghai

As a sustainable development pattern, transit-oriented development (TOD) is validated to effectively lower car-dependency and parking generation. In this study, we select 20 commercial TODs in Shanghai as research sample by multiple criteria and investigate the occupancy of parking space on weekend. Applying the public transport accessibility (PTA) evaluation model of London, a measurement tool is developed by leveraging web mapping service, to quantify the PTA of selected TODs. Differing from the well-designed TOD, the parking survey findings shows the commercial TOD has a high parking occupancy in the peak hours. Also, the statistical results indicate the TOD with higher PTA has a greater reduction in parking occupancy. To achieve the expected benefit of TOD mode, the evidence suggests improving the relevant policies, such as coordination between rail transit system and bus transit system, shared parking, and integrated development.