Analysis of the role of hydrogen energy in achieving carbon neutrality by 2050: A case study of the Republic of Korea

The importance of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 to combat climate change is widely recognized, leading to the proposal of various net-zero scenarios using energy system models. In these scenarios, hydrogen energy is often considered as a primary mitigation option alongside renewables. However, uncertainties surrounding hydrogen technologies prevent a comprehensive analysis of its role in achieving carbon neutrality. This study focuses on examining the impact of hydrogen energy demand, supply methods, and technology levels on carbon neutrality in the Republic of Korea using an energy system model. Findings suggest that hydrogen energy could constitute a significant portion of energy supply and demand by 2050. Sensitivity analyses reveal that reducing hydrogen imports could increase domestic power demand, while improving electrolysis efficiency could lead to more efficient carbon neutrality. Additionally, employing carbon capture technologies in hydrogen production rather than power generation is deemed effective. In conclusion, while hydrogen is a main reduction option for carbon neutrality, the effective utilization of hydrogen requires an increased reliance on imported hydrogen, further technology development including improved electrolysis efficiency and increased dissemination of reforming technologies with carbon capture, and the establishment of appropriate utilization strategies.