A Blockchain Sharding-Based Data Sharing Scheme for Internet of Vehicles

In recent years, the adoption of blockchain technology has significantly advanced distributed trust and privacy protection, rendering it a popular choice for data sharing scenarios within the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). However, when applied to data sharing contexts, the technology encounters issues related to low throughput and sluggish consensus speed. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel data sharing scheme tailored for IoV that leverages a sharded blockchain to boost system throughput. The scheme dynamically selects nodes and shards based on vehicle reputation, computing power, and location centrality, ensuring the security of shard verification. Additionally, the scheme incorporates a proxy node selection strategy and utilizes Boneh-Lynn-Shacham (BLS) signature aggregation technology to optimize the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) consensus mechanism. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared with other schemes, the proposed approach achieves superior levels of security, reliability while maintaining lower communication complexity.