Climate extremes and land use carbon emissions: Insight from the perspective of sustainable land use in the eastern coast of China

The changing land use is one of the primary factors influencing the pattern of carbon sources/sinks, while climate change is a major driver for land use change. With global warming increasing, assessing the impact of climate extremes on land use carbon emissions remains a great challenge. Here, we explored the changes in climate extremes from 1961 to 2020 using the CN05.1 gridded observation dataset. The impact of climate extremes on land use carbon emissions was analyzed by Pearson correlation methodology. The results demonstrated that (1) extreme temperatures were trending upwards, and dry periods were long, but short periods of heavy precipitation were possible from 1961 to 2020. (2) In terms of the extreme temperature indices, the high temperatures indices were positively correlated with land use carbon emissions. For the extreme precipitation indices, the other seven indices except CDD were also positively correlated with land use carbon emissions. (3) Furthermore, the extreme heat indices were positively correlated with land use carbon emissions mainly on construction land. The wetness indices showed a positive correlation with land use carbon emissions in the middle of Shandong Province. (4) Additionally, the influence of extreme temperatures on land use carbon emissions in Shandong Province was larger than of extreme precipitation. Among all the extreme climate indices, TN10p had the largest effect on land use carbon emissions and was significantly negatively correlated. These findings will provide scientific references for regional responses to climate change and the promotion of carbon emission reduction.