Effects of sisal fiber and fly ash on the mechanical and tribological performances of brake friction composites

Industrial development has led to an increase in demand for friction materials, resulting in increasingly prominent environmental issues throughout their entire life cycle, and developing green and eco-friendly brake friction materials has become a focus in the braking field. This paper explores the mechanical and tribological properties of fly ash (industrial waste) and sisal fiber (natural fiber) as eco-friendly components to enhance brake friction materials. Four samples containing different ratios of fly ash and sisal fiber were prepared and tested with a variable-speed friction testing machine. The results show that the eco-friendly alternative combination can effectively improve the friction coefficient, and reduce friction fluctuations and thermal degradation, but the wear rate will also increase accordingly. In addition, the worn morphology reveals the formation of the contact platform and wear mechanism. A hybrid integration of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and multi-objective optimization by ratio analysis (MOORA) was used to weigh various evaluation indicators objectively and rank the samples. The sample with 8% fly ash and 6% sisal fiber exhibited the best comprehensive tribological performance.Highlights Development of eco-friendly brake friction composites with natural and waste additives. Investigation of the effect of the natural wastes' ratio on prepared composites' physical, mechanical, and tribological properties. Evaluation of brake friction composites with AHP-MOORA. Sample S6F8 exhibits the best comprehensive tribological performance. Development of eco-friendly brake friction composites with natural and waste additives. Investigation of the effect of the natural wastes' ratio on prepared composites' physical, mechanical, and tribological properties. Evaluation of brake friction composites with AHP-MOORA. Sample S6F8 exhibits the best comprehensive tribological performance. image