First reports of canine leishmaniasis in northwest Rio Grande do Sul

This research aimed to carry out an epidemiological investigation of dogs with canine leishmaniasis in an area of Rio Grande do Sul with no history of notification of the disease. Leishmaniasis is considered an endemic zoonosis in different countries. In Brazil, it occurs mainly in the Southeast and Midwest regions, having drastically increased the number of notifications in recent years. In the state of Rio Grande do Sul, there are reports of the disease in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre and in the border region in the west of the state, as well as in the central region. The investigation was conducted in 100 dogs from the municipalities of Frederico Westphalen and region. Whole blood was collected for immunochromatographic testing (TR DPP (R) Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis) and lymph node aspiration. Positives were confirmed by ELISA test and indirect immunofluorescence test with total dilution or immunohistochemistry after skin biopsy. Two animals were diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis, considered the first reported cases of the disease in the canine population in the region. Therefore, it becomes necessary to research and control the potential presence of sandflies in the area. There is a hypothesis that the animals were contaminated in other regions of the country, remaining as a reservoir until the moment of diagnosis.