Energy consumption, technological innovation, and environmental degradation in SADC countries

This study investigates the relationship between energy consumption, technological innovation, and environmental degradation in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries. With a focus on understanding the driving forces behind environmental degradation amidst rapid economic growth and industrialization, the research aims to provide crucial insights for informed policymaking and strategic interventions to promote sustainable development. Employing the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method to address panel data challenges including heteroscedasticity, serial correlation, and cross-sectional dependence, the analysis is conducted using data spanning from 1994 to 2021 for the SADC region. Findings reveal a direct, positive correlation between energy consumption and environmental degradation, particularly evident in increased carbon emissions. Additionally, the study finds that certain aspects of technological innovation, such as Internet usage and mobile phone subscriptions, mitigate the positive impact of energy consumption on carbon emissions, aligning with previous research emphasising the role of ICT in improving energy efficiency and resource management. Insights from this research provide valuable guidance for policymakers in steering SADC countries towards sustainable development trajectories. By leveraging technological innovation to optimize energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions, policymakers can effectively address environmental concerns while promoting economic growth and technological advancement in the region.