Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization Strategies After Myocardial Infarction A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND Complete revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention improves outcomes compared with culprit revascularization following myocardial infarction (MI) with multivessel coronary artery disease. An all-cause mortality reduction has never been demonstrated. Debate also remains regarding the optimal timing of complete revascularization (immediate or staged), and method of evaluation of nonculprit lesions (physiology or angiography). OBJECTIVES This study aims to perform an updated systematic review with frequentist and Bayesian network metaanalyses including the totality of randomized data investigating revascularization strategies in patients presenting with MI and multivessel coronary artery disease. METHODS The primary comparison tested complete vs culprit revascularization. Timing and methods of achieving complete revascularization were assessed. The prespeci fied primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Outcomes were expressed as relative risk (RR) (95% CI). RESULTS Twenty-four eligible trials randomized 16,371 patients (weighted mean follow-up: 26.4 months). Compared with culprit revascularization, complete revascularization reduced all-cause mortality in patients with any MI (RR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.74-0.99; P = 0.04). Cardiovascular mortality, MI, major adverse cardiac events and repeat revascularization were also signi ficantly reduced. In patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, the point estimate for all-cause mortality with complete revascularization was RR: 0.91 (95% CI: 0.78-1.05; P = 0.18). Rates of stent thrombosis, major bleeding, and acute kidney injury were similar. Immediate complete revascularization ranked higher than staged complete revascularization for all endpoints. CONCLUSIONS Complete revascularization following MI reduces all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, MI, major adverse cardiac events, and repeat revascularization. There may be bene fits to immediate complete revascularization, but additional head-to-head trials are needed. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2024;84:276 -294) (c) 2024 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.