The Reproduction Number of Swine Viral Respiratory Diseases: A Systematic Review

Simple Summary Diseases in the swine industry can cause major economic and health issues. This review examines R0 estimates, which measure how efficiently respiratory diseases spread among pigs and compares transmission risks within and between farms. Seven diseases were studied: Aujeszky's disease, PPRSV, Circovirus, Influenza A, Encephalomyocarditis Virus, Classical Swine Fever, and African Swine Fever. Data from research articles showed varying R0 values, with higher transmission rates within herds for some diseases. Effective disease control requires prompt detection, response to outbreaks, and continuous monitoring to reduce its impact on the swine industry.Abstract Diseases in the swine industry can cause significant economic and health impacts. This review examines R0 estimates for respiratory diseases in pigs, assessing variations and comparing transmission risks within and between farms. A literature search of three databases aggregated peer-reviewed research articles on swine viral respiratory diseases' R0 values. The study focused on seven diseases: Aujeszky's disease (AD), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), Circovirus, Influenza A (IA), Encephalomyocarditis Virus (EV), Classical Swine Fever (CSF), and African Swine Fever (ASF). R0 values were estimated for transmission within and between herds/farms using various methods, from complex mathematical models to simple calculations. Data primarily came from disease surveillance and laboratory experiments. The median R0 for within-herd and between-herd transmission was 10 and 3.31 for AD, 2.78 and 1.14 for PRRSV, 5.9 and 0.89 for Circovirus, 1.75 and 1.6 for CSF, and 3.94 and 3.15 for ASF. For IA and EV, only within-herd R0 values were estimated at 8.65 and 1.3, respectively. Diseases with high R0 values highlight the need for prompt detection and response to outbreaks. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of pathogen transmissibility are crucial for enhancing disease surveillance and reducing the impact of livestock diseases.