The effect of different temperature rate on sol-gel approach derived M-type hexagonal BaFe12O19 using D-mannose as a fuel: Synthesis, structural, thermal gravimetric and magnetic properties

In this article, we reported that the BaFe12O19 powders were prepared using the effective sol-gel process under different calcination temperatures, i.e., 700-900 degrees C for 2 h. The structural effects of the temperature rate on the phase formation, morphological and magnetic properties of the as-prepared powders have been analyzed and discussed. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the hexaferrite phase formation at calcined temperature range of 800 degrees C with no secondary phase and the particles size are about 45 nm-65 nm. The Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra show that the intensity frequencies for hexaferrite site stretching were observed at 601 and 443 cm-1 from Fe-O and Ba-O bonds, respectively. The micro-sized flakes morphological structure with particle sizes ranging from 45 to 65 nm by strongly agglomerated powders of the hexaferrite phase is examined through the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) technique for the good-quality calcined 800 degrees C. Additionally, the effect of the calcination rates at 800 degrees C on the material features was analyzed by the energydispersive X-ray, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), etc. The magnetic properties, such as saturation magnetization and coercive field of the as-prepared nanomaterials were analyzed using the vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) technique. The hysteresis loop of the BaFe12O19 nanomaterials calcined at 800 degrees C for 2 h showed excellent magnetic properties, with a higher saturation magnetization curve of 55.774 emu/g and a coercivity (Hc) of 5079 kOe. The dark brown colored annealed 800 degrees C nanomaterials can be useful as a ceramic color pigment, which has several industrial applications.