Joint Optimization of Time-of-Day Intervals and Robust Signal Timing for Isolated Intersection

In practice, time-of-day (TOD) fixed timing is a common signal control strategy. To generate an efficient TOD interval partition with robust signal timings, this paper proposes a bi-level optimization framework in which the duration of each TOD interval and signal timings are the decision variables under the objective of overall efficiency at the upper level and robustness at the lower level. Delay is selected as the performance indicator and calculated based on polygon areas enclosed by accumulative arrival and departure curves. The bilevel evolutionary algorithm based on quadratic approximations (BLEAQ-II) is applied to solve the optimization problem. Finally, a SUMO simulation experiment is conducted to verify the performance of the proposed methodology. The results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method over the existing approaches.