Practices and settings which promote a psychological sense of community among young people who experience social marginalization: A scoping review

AIMS: Experiencing a psychological sense of community (PSOC) may buffer against adverse outcomes associated with oppression and exclusion for young people who endure social marginalization. Limited prior research has captured what, specifically, promotes PSOC among young people. METHODS: This scoping review systematically surveys literature (N = 13 articles) to understand what practices and settings foster PSOC among young people who experience social marginalization. RESULTS: Six broad practices are found to foster PSOC: adult/mentor support, peer/social support, youth power and influence, community participation/involvement, connecting by shared identity, and specific program features. Community settings are the predominant settings in which PSOC appears to be fostered. CONCLUSION: Practitioners who work with young people in community settings may consider foregrounding these practices within their work when seeking to foster a psychological sense of community. Future research should partner with young people to understand what they desire when seeking out supportive settings and communities.