Composite Nanoarchitectonics based on Graphene Oxide in Energy Storage and Conversion: Status, Challenges & Opportunities

Energy storage and conversion play a crucial role to maintain a balance between supply and demand, integrating renewable energy sources, and ensuring the resilience of a robust power infrastructure. Carbon-based materials exhibit favorable energy storage characteristics, including a significant surface area, adaptable porosity, exceptional conductivity, chemical stability, and the capacity to facilitate various charge storage processes. These qualities make them exceptionally well-suited for deployment in supercapacitors, batteries, and other energy storage devices. Among these materials, graphene oxide (GO) has come out as a versatile substance with outstanding properties, positioning it as a key player in energy storage and conversion technologies. Ongoing advancements in GO-based composites, applied in supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells, have resulted in ground breaking discoveries and innovative methodologies. This comprehensive review delves into the structure and preparation of GO, exploring its applications in energy storage, outlining prospective prospects, and charting future directions. The aim is to offer valuable insights into existing limitations, such as toxicity while unveiling the full potential of these materials in energy applications through the revelation of synergistic benefits arising from the integration of GO.